| Epulides are firm masses involving the gingival tissue and are the most common benign oral tumors in dogs (see also
Gingival Fibroma and Epulides). Cats less commonly have benign oral tumors. These tumors may be seen in dogs of any age but generally are found in those >6 yr old. The 3 histologic types of epulides were previously classified as fibromatous epulis, ossifying epulis, and acanthomatous epulis. This classification was based on their clinical appearance and behavior. Fibromatous and ossifying epulides are now considered to be peripheral odontogenic fibromas. The ossifying form is
a fibromatous mass that has developed centers of ossification. They are generally solitary, although multiple lesions may be present. The tumors are noninvasive, but may become quite extensive. They arise from the periodontal ligament of the subjacent tooth, and complete surgical removal must include tissues up to and including the periodontal ligament. This often necessitates en bloc removal of the affected tooth or teeth. Complete excision is curative.
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Acanthomatous epulis is now called canine peripheral ameloblastoma or canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma. These routinely aggressively invade local tissues including bone. They generally do not metastasize, but due to their locally aggressive nature surgical excision must include a full 1-cm margin of clinically normal
tissue (again including bone) to prevent recurrence. Radiation treatment may minimize disfigurement when treating large tumors. Adequate surgical removal is curative. |
| Due to the varied behavior of gingival growths, they should always be biopsied before surgery. |
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