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| Arthritis of the Shoulder Joint |  |
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| Inflammation of the structures of the shoulder joint is uncommon. It is secondary to changes in the joint capsule or, more frequently, to bony changes of the articular surfaces of the humerus or scapula (such as might be caused by osteochondrosis). Occasionally, fractures involving the articular surfaces are present. Trauma to the point of the shoulder is a frequent cause. Bacterial infection of the joint from puncture wounds or of hematogenous origin (pyosepticemia) in foals results in a purulent arthritis. |
| A swinging- and supporting-leg lameness are present in severe cases. In milder cases, only the swinging-leg lameness may be noted. The forward phase is shortened, the toe may be worn, and the leg is often circumducted to avoid flexion of the joint. Forced extension of the leg, which pulls the shoulder forward, often causes pain. Radiographs of the shoulder joint, preferably taken with the horse in lateral recumbency, may demonstrate the arthritic changes. |
| Often, treatment is ineffective because of severe arthritic changes. Intra-articular injections of a steroid may be of some benefit. Systemic steroids or phenylbutazone may relieve signs of pain. Hyaluronic acid, because of its apparent benefit in cases of degenerative disease in other joints, may be considered. |
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| See Also |
| Introduction |
| The Lameness Examination |
| Overview |
| Imaging Techniques |
| Overview |
| Anatomic Imaging Techniques |
| Physiologic Imaging Techniques |
| Arthroscopy |
| Regional Analgesia |
| Disorders of the Foot |
| Bone Cyst in Pedal Bone |
| Bruised Sole and Corns |
| Canker |
| Contracted Heels |
| Fracture of Navicular Bone |
| Fracture of Pedal Bone |
| Keratoma |
| Laminitis |
| Navicular Disease |
| Pedal Osteitis |
| Puncture Wounds of the Foot |
| Pyramidal Disease |
| Quittor |
| Sandcrack |
| Scratches |
| Seedy Toe |
| Sheared Heels |
| Sidebone |
| Thrush |
| Disorders of the Fetlock and Pastern |
| Fracture of Phalanges and Proximal Sesamoids |
| Osselets |
| Ringbone |
| Sesamoiditis |
| Villonodular Synovitis |
| Windgalls |
| Disorders of the Carpus and Metacarpus |
| Overview |
| Bucked Shins |
| Degenerative Subchondral Lesions of the Carpal Bones |
| Desmitis or Sprain of the Inferior Check Ligament |
| Fracture of the Carpal Bones |
| Intra-articular Osteochondral Chip Fragments of the Carpus |
| Carpal Slab Fractures |
| Accessory Carpal Bone Fractures |
| Fractures of the Small Metacarpal and Metatarsal (Splint) Bones |
| Fracture of the Third Metacarpal (Cannon) Bone |
| Hygroma |
| Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) |
| Osteochondrosis |
| Osteochondroma of the Distal Radius (Supracarpal Exostosis) |
| Rupture of the Common Digital Extensor Tendon |
| Splints |
| Subchondral Cysts and Septic Arthritis |
| Suspensory Desmitis |
| Synovial Hernia and Ganglion and Synovial Fistulae |
| Tearing of the Medial Palmar Intercarpal Ligament |
| Tenosynovitis of the Tendon Sheaths Associated with the Carpus |
| Traumatic Synovitis and Capsulitis |
| Disorders of the Shoulder and Elbow |
| Bicipital Bursitis |
| Fractures of the Elbow |
| Fractures of the Shoulder |
| Sweeney |
| Disorders of the Tarsus |
| Overview |
| Bog Spavin |
| Bone Spavin |
| Curb |
| Displacement of Superficial Flexor Tendon from the Point of the Hock |
| Fracture of the TArsus |
| Hindlimb Tendon Ruptures |
| Rupture of the Peroneus Tertius Muscle |
| Stringhalt |
| Thoroughpin |
| Disorders of the Stifle |
| Fracture of the Stifle |
| Gonitis |
| Patellar Luxation |
| Subchondral Bone Cyst |
| Disorders of the Hip |
| Coxitis |
| Dislocation of the Hip |
| Pelvic Fracture |
| Trochanteric Bursitis |
| Disorders of the Back |
| Fractures |
| Muscle and Ligament Strain |
| Ossifying Spondylosis |
| Overriding of the Dorsal Spinous Processes |
| Sacroiliac Injury |
| Developmental Orthopedic Disease |
| Overview |
| Osteochondrosis |
| Physitis |
| Flexion Deformities |
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