Coughing and bleeding cow

Physical Examination

  • General appearance: Dull, slowly responsive

  • Vital signs:
  • Temperature: 41.3° C (106.3° F)
  • Pulse: 92 beats/min
  • Respirations: 35/min
  • Weight: 565 kg (1,245 lbs)

  • Skin: Hair coat normal

  • HEENT: Moderate mandibular and prescapular lymphadenopathy. Both 3rd eyelids prolapsed, sclera injected, and conjunctiva inflamed. Mild bilateral epistaxis and hyphema.

  • Pulmonary: Crackles and wheezes on auscultation

  • Cardiovascular: Capillary refill time >2 seconds; no arrhythmias or pulse deficits

  • Gastrointestinal: Rumen contractions moderate strength and decreased frequency, rumen contents doughy. A perirectal mass is noted on palpation.

  • Genitourinary: Urination not observed

  • Musculoskeletal: No abnormalities

  • Neurologic: Moderately bilaterally ataxic in the rear limbs

  • Mental status: Quiet but responsive