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Technique
Test Type
Application of Test After Breeding (Accuracy)
Estrus detection
Indirect
Daily testing 18–25 days (75%–85%) and through gestation (98%)
External physical signs
>55 days (gilts); >84 days (sows)
Rectal palpation (sows)
30 days (94%), >60 days (100%)
Ultrasonography
A-mode
Doppler
Real-time (B-mode)
Direct/Indirect
Direct
30–75 days (95%)
≥35 days (>85%)
≥22 days (>95%)
