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Merck Manual
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Veterinary /
Pharmacology /
Vaccines and Immunotherapy /
... /
Vaccines and Immunotherapy in Animals /
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OTHER TOPICS IN THIS CHAPTER

Vaccines and Immunotherapy
Vaccines and Immunotherapy in Animals
Active Immunization in Animals
Types of Vaccines for Animals
Administration of Vaccines in Animals
Adjuvants in Animals
Vaccine Failure and Other Adverse Events in Animals
Production of Vaccines for Animals
Passive Immunization in Animals
Nonspecific Immunotherapy in Animals

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Systemic Pharmacotherapeutics of the Cardiovascular System
Dogs and cats with left-side congestive heart failure (CHF) can develop respiratory distress due to pulmonary edema. Which of the following intravenous diuretics is the most appropriate treatment for life-threatening pulmonary edema caused by CHF?

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Vaccines and Immunotherapy in Animals

By

Ian Tizard

, BVMS, PhD, DACVM, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University

Last full review/revision Jul 2020 | Content last modified Jul 2020

The adaptive immune system responds to microbial invasion by producing protective antibodies or cell-mediated immunity, or both. Appropriate administration of specific antigens, as in a vaccine, can result in effective, persistent immunity to infection. Microbial molecules also stimulate innate immune responses. These innate responses also promote adaptive immunity and can be used in the form of adjuvants to significantly increase responses to vaccines.

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Also see pet health content regarding vaccines and immunotherapy in animals.

© 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA)
Probiotics
Active Immunization in Animals
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Vaccines and Immunotherapy Vaccines and Immunotherapy
Administration of Vaccines in Animals Administration of Vaccines in Animals
Types of Vaccines for Animals Types of Vaccines for Animals

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