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Dogs: 0.05–0.4 mg/kg, IV, every 1–4 hours; 0.2–1 mg/kg, IM or SC, every 2–6 hours; 0.1 mg/kg diluted with 0.9% saline administered epidurally at 0.23 mL/kg, every 8–24 hours
Cats: 0.05–0.2 mg/kg, IM or SC, every 2–6 hours
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Incremental IV bolus technique: dogs—increments of 0.1 mg/kg until analgesia appears adequate; cats—increments of 0.02 mg/kg. In dogs, this can be followed by CRI at 0.1 mg/kg/hour that can be increased incrementally if needed. Rapid IV injections may cause histamine release.
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Oxymorphone/hydromorphone
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Dogs: 0.02–0.1 mg/kg, IV, every 2–4 hours; 0.05–0.2 mg/kg, IM or SC, every 2–6 hours
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Minimal cardiovascular effects; may cause panting or emesis
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Cats: 0.02–0.05 mg/kg, IV, every 2–4 hours; 0.05–0.1 mg/kg, IM or SC, every 2–6 hours
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Can be given as a CRI with the dose divided over 4 hours
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Dogs: 2–10 mcg/kg, IV, every 30–60 minutes; 2–20 mcg/kg/hour, IV as a CRI
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With short half-life, fentanyl is best administered as a CRI.
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Fentanyl transdermal patch
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12.5 mcg/hour for animals <2.5 kg body wt; 25 mcg/hour for animals 2.5–10 kg body wt; 50 mcg/hour for animals 10–20 kg body wt; 75 mcg/hour for animals 20–30 kg body wt; 100 mcg/hour for animals >30 kg body wt
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The patches cannot be cut. More than one patch may be used in larger animals. Injectable repository fentanyl solutions may be an alternative if available.
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Dogs: 0.2–0.5 mg/kg, IM, IV, or SC, every 1–3 hours
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Has a ceiling effect; short duration of effect (1–2 hours) in most dogs
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Cats: 0.1–0.4 mg/kg, IM, IV, or SC, every 1–6 hours
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Can be given as a CRI with the dose divided over 4 hours
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Dogs: 0.005–0.02 mg/kg, IM or IV, every 1–6 hours
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May be more difficult to reverse
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Cats: 0.005–0.01 mg/kg, IM, IV, or sublingual, every 4–8 hours
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Sublingual absorption reported to be excellent in cats
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0.1–0.5 mg/kg IV, IM, or SC every 4–6 hours
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Less vomiting than morphine, less panting than hydromorphone
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