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Veterinary /
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Common Congenital Cardiovascular Defects in Domestic Livestock

Common Congenital Cardiovascular Defects in Domestic Livestock

Species

Most Common Defects

Cattle

Ventricular septal defect, ectopic heart, ventricular hypoplasia

Sheep

Ventricular septal defect

Pigs

Tricuspid valve dysplasia, atrial septal defect, subaortic stenosis

Horses

Ventricular septal defect, PDA, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia

Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world.  The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community.  The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America.

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