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High Probability of Positive Economic Return in General Feeding Situations
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Increased feed efficiency, improved energy metabolism
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Sodium bicarbonate and other buffers
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Improved feed consumption, stabilization of rumen pH, increased butterfat production
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Improved feed consumption, improved fiber digestion
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Variable, consult manufacturer directions
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High Probability of Positive Economic Return in Specific Problem Situations
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Strong anion additives for prepartum diets
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Improved calcium homeostasis, milk fever prevention
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Variable, calculate DCADa, monitor urine pH and dry-matter intake, late gestation only
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Improved energy metabolism, ketosis prevention
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300–500 mL/day, late gestation and early lactation only
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Improved lipid metabolism, improved rumen fermentation, increased feed efficiency and milk component concentrations
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6 g/day, include protected and unprotected sources
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Many products available; effectiveness best demonstrated against aflatoxin; effectiveness against trichothecene toxins including DONb or vomitoxin needs further evaluation.
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Variable, consult manufacturer instructions
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Improved lipid metabolism, fatty liver and ketosis prevention
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15 g/day, late gestation and early lactation only
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