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10–12 months, usually first bred ~14-15 mo
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Polyestrous all year; 21 days (18–24)
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Insemination from midestrus until 6 hr after end of estrus
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Ovulation 10–12 hours after end of estrus.
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Seasonally polyestrous, early fall to winter; 17 days (14–20)
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18–20 hr after onset of estrus
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Ovulation near end of estrus.
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Seasonally polyestrous, early fall to late winter; 21 days
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Many intersexes born in hornless strains.
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Polyestrous all year; 21 days (19–23)
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Ovulation usually ~40 hours after beginning of estrus.
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Seasonally polyestrous, early spring through summer; ~21 days (19–23)
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Last few days of estrus, just before ovulation; should be bred at 2-day intervals
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Ovulation usually 1–2 days before end of estrus. Double ovulation occurs in ~20% of estrous periods, but twins rarely progress to term.
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Polyestrous all year in North America; Not applicable
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When a large, viable follicle is present
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Fertile within 15–20 days
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Alpacas are induced ovulators.
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6–24 months; earlier in smaller breeds, later in larger breeds
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Monestrous all year; 6–7 mo
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Second day after ovulation
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Proestrous bleeding 7–10 days. Ovulation usually 1–3 days after onset of estrus. Ova shed before first polar body has been extruded (primary oocyte).
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Seasonally polyestrous, spring through early fall; 14–21 days
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Daily from day 2 of estrus
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Induced ovulation 24–48 hours after breeding. Pseudopregnancy lasts 40 days. Infertile matings delay onset of next cycle ~45 days.
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