Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a physiologic condition in which the kidneys fail to concentrate urine despite adequate amounts of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Central, or pituitary-dependent, diabetes insipidus develops when there is a lack of ADH production. Animals with central diabetes insipidus can be given desmopressin acetate. The nasal spray formulation can be used, with 1–4 drops administered into the conjunctival sac once or twice daily. Alternatively, the parenteral form can be given at 0.5–2 mcg, SC, once or twice daily. Thiazide diuretics may reduce polyuria by 30%–50% in animals with nephrogenic or central diabetes insipidus. Inhibition of sodium resorption in the ascending loop of Henle leads to decreased total body sodium and contraction of the extracellular fluid volume. The net effect is to increase sodium and water resorption in the proximal renal tubule. Chlorothiazide is given at 20–40 mg/kg, PO, bid.
OTHER TOPICS IN THIS CHAPTER
Systemic Pharmacotherapeutics of the Urinary System
Overview of Systemic Pharmacotherapeutics of the Urinary System
Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections
Fungal Urinary Tract Infections
Bacterial Prostatitis
Diuretics
Dopamine in Urinary Disease
Glomerular Disease
Diabetes Insipidus
Controlling Urine pH
Cystine-binding Agents in Urinary Disease
Urinary Incontinence
Urine Retention
