Causes of Hypercalcemia in Dogs and Cats
Causes of Hypercalcemia in Dogs and Cats
Acromegaly |
Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma |
Carcinoma (squamous cell, mammary, bronchogenic, prostate, thyroid, nasal cavity) |
Chronic and acute renal failure |
Factitious: lipemia, postprandial, young dog (< 6 mo old) |
Granulomatous disease |
Hematologic malignancies (bone marrow osteolysis) |
Humoral hypercalcemia |
Hypercalcemia of malignancy |
Hyperthyroidism |
Hypervitaminosis D: iatrogenic, plants (eg, day-blooming jessamine), rodenticides, antipsoriatic cream |
Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison disease) |
Iatrogenic disorders: excess calcium or oral phosphate binders |
Idiopathic hypercalcemia of cats |
Laboratory error |
Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) |
Metastatic or primary bone neoplasia |
Multiple myeloma |
Myeloproliferative disease (rare) |
Primary hyperparathyroidism |
Skeletal lesions: osteomyelitis, hypertrophic osteodystrophy |