External ciliates (motile)
|
Ichthyophthirius (FW), Cryptocaryon (SW)
|
|
|
White spot disease; no spots visible if on gills only
|
|
FW—formalin, CuSO4; SW—formalin, Cu2+, decreased salinity, chloroquine (efficacy not completely demonstrated)
|
|
|
Trichodina (FW, SW), Chilodonella (FW), Brooklynella (SW)
|
|
|
High respiration rate, piping, excess mucus, flashing, loss of condition
|
|
FW—formalin, CuSO4; SW—formalin, Cu2+
|
|
|
Tetrahymena (FW), Uronema (SW)
|
|
|
Mucus, flashing, intra-ocular lesions, exophthalmos
|
|
External as above; improve sanitation Internal: no treatment
|
|
|
Ambiphyra, Apiosoma, Epistylus
|
|
|
Excess mucus, flashing, piping, loss of condition
|
|
Formalin, KMnO4, CuSO4 Management—decrease crowding, correct sanitation
|
|
|
Ichthyobodo, Cryptobia (see also Internal flagellates)
|
|
|
Blue slime, flashing, piping, excess mucus, loss of condition
|
|
Formalin, CuSO4, KMnO4, salt
|
|
|
Piscinoodinium (FW), Amyloodinium (SW)
|
|
Tiger barbs, many marine fishes, including clownfish and red drum
|
Mortality, lethargy, piping; “velvet” (if on skin)
|
|
Copper sulfate, chloroquine (nonfood fish only); freshwater dips for marine food fish
|
|
|
|
|
All cichlids, bettas, gouramis, other aquarium fishes
|
Weight loss (anorexia), mortality of fry and juveniles
|
|
Metronidazole (nonfood fish only)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extreme weight loss, anorexia
|
|
None; management—correct sanitation, feeding, stocking density, cull affected fish
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sulfamethazine (efficacy questionable)
|
