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Veterinary Manual
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Veterinary /
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Characteristics of Transudates and Exudates in Cattle, Horses, Dogs, and Cats

Characteristics of Transudates and Exudates in Cattle, Horses, Dogs, and Cats

Parameter

Species

Transudate

Exudate

Total protein (g/dL)

All

<2.5

>3

Specific gravity

All

<1.020

>1.025

Cell count (109/L)

Cattle

0.5–5

>8

Horses

0.5–5

>8

Dogs, cats

<3

>5

Color

All

Colorless to yellow

Variable

Turbidity

All

Clear to moderate

Moderate to opaque

Bacteria

All

Absent

May be present

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Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world.  The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community.  The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America.

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