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Dry (Far off)
Close (Close up)
Cow - Fresh
Cow - Early
Cow - Mid
Cow - Late
6-mo Heifer
12-mo Heifer
18-mo Heifer
24-mo Heifer (Close up)
Body wt, lb (kg)
1,500 (675)
440 (200)
660 (300)
1,000 (450)
1,375 (625)
DMI, lb (kg/day)
32 (14)
22 (10)
34 (15)
66 (30)
52 (24)
45 (20)
11 (5)
16 (7)
25 (11)
23 (10)
Milk, lbb (kg/day)
77 (35)
120 (55)
55 (25)
CP (%)c
9.9
12.4
19.5
16.7
15.2
14.1
12.3
11.4
8.8
15.0
RDP (%)
7.7
9.6
10.5
9.8
9.7
9.5
9.4
10.1
RUP (%)
2.2
2.8
9.0
6.9
5.5
4.6
2.9
1.9
0.004
4.9
MP (%)
6.0
8.0
13.8
11.6
10.2
9.2
7.2
7.0
5.3
NEL, Mcal/lb (Mcal/kg)
0.60 (1.32)
0.65 (1.43)
1.01d (2.22)
0.73 (1.61)
0.67 (1.47)
0.62 (1.36)
—
0.72 (1.58)
ME, Mcal/lb (Mcal/kg)
0.93 (2.05)
1.03 (2.27)
0.82 (1.80)
NDF (%)
40
35
30
28
32
33
ADF (%)
25
21
19
24
20
22
NFC (%)
34
38
Calcium (%)
0.44
0.48
0.79
0.60
0.61
0.62
0.41
0.37
0.40
Phosphorus (%)
0.22
0.26
0.42
0.38
0.35
0.32
0.28
0.23
0.18
Magnesium (%)
0.11
0.29
0.21
0.19
0.08
Chlorine (%)
0.13
0.20
0.24
0.12
0.10
Sodium (%)
0.14
0.34
0.07
Potassium (%)
0.51
1.24
1.07
1.04
1.00
0.47
0.46
0.55
Sulfur (%)
Vitamin A (IU/day)
80,300
83,270
75,000
24,000
36,000
Vitamin D (IU/day)
21,900
22,700
21,000
6,000
9,000
13,500
20,000
Vitamin E (IU/day)
1,168
1,200
545
240
360
Adapted, with permission, from Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 2001, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
a DMI, dry matter intake; CP, crude protein; RDP, rumen degradable protein; RUP, rumen undegraded protein; MP, metabolizable protein; NEL, net energy lactation; ME, metabolizable energy; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; NFC, non-fiber carbohydrate. Trace mineral added to ration (expressed as ppm): cobalt: 0.11; copper 10–18; iodine: 0.3–0.4; iron: 13–130; manganese: 14–24; selenium: 0.30; zinc: 22–70.
b Milk components: 3.5% fat, 3.0% true protein, and 4.8% lactose.
c All concentration values are on a dry-matter basis.
d These cows will lose body weight (values >0.82 not feasible).
