Merck Manual

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Pet Owner Version

Description and Physical Characteristics of Gerbils

By

Thomas M. Donnelly

, BVSc, DVP, DACLAM, DABVP(ECM), The Kenneth S Warren Institute;


Katherine E. Quesenberry

, DVM, MPH, DABVP (Avian)

Reviewed/Revised May 2020 | Modified Oct 2022
Topic Resources

Ventral marking gland, gerbil

Ventral marking gland, gerbil

Adult gerbils weigh 2 to 3 ounces (50 to 90 grams). Males are slightly larger than females. The coats of gerbils in the wild are agouti colored, or a mix of gray, yellow, and black, with an off-white belly. Breeding has produced gerbils with many different coat colors, including black, buff, white, gray, and spotted. They are about the size of mice, with their bodies measuring about 4 inches (10 cm); their fur-covered tails can add an additional 3 inches (8 cm). Gerbils typically live for 2 to 3 years.

Both male and female gerbils have a ventral marking gland on their abdomen. The gland appears as an orange-tan hairless area that is usually oval in shape. It can sometimes be mistaken for a tumor. In male gerbils, the gland enlarges during puberty and produces an oily secretion. Male gerbils may use this as a way of marking territory, and they can sometimes be seen rubbing their abdomen on objects.

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