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MSDMERCK MANUALVeterinary Manual
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  1. Veterinary/
  2. Circulatory System/
  3. Cardiovascular System Introduction/
Cardiovascular System Introduction
  • The Cardiovascular System in Animals
    • Heart Rate and the Electrocardiogram
    • Force of Ventricular Contraction
    • Oxygen and the Myocardium
    • Hindrance to Blood Flow
    • Key Points
    • For More Information
    • References
  • Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System in Animals
    • Murmur Genesis and Significance
    • Valvular Disease
    • Myocardial Disease
    • Arrhythmias
    • Vascular Disease
    • Cardiac Shunts
    • Heartworm Disease
    • Common Endpoints of Heart Disease
    • Heart Failure
    • Key Points
    • For More Information
  • Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease in Animals
    • Key Points
    • For More Information
  • Principles of Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease in Animals
    • Therapeutic Agents
    • Key Points
    • For More Information
    • References
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