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Merck Vet Manual LogoMERCK MANUALVeterinary Manual
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  1. <Pet Owners Overview
    Bird Owners
    Introduction to Birds
    • Introduction to Birds
      • How Big Are Pet Birds?
      • How Do Birds' Bodies Work?
      • Do Birds Sense Things Like People Do?
      • How Do Birds Eat?
      • How Do Birds Use Their Beaks and Feet?
      • How Do Birds Fly?
      • Why Do Birds Have Feathers?
    Choosing and Taking Care Of a Pet Bird
    • Choosing a Pet Bird
      • How Do I Choose a Pet Bird?
      • Where Can I Get a Pet Bird?
      • How Can I Tell If a Bird Is Healthy?
    • Providing a Home for a Bird
      • How Do I Set Up a Home for My Bird?
      • What Kind of Cage Should I Get?
      • Do Pet Birds Need Exercise?
    • Feeding a Pet Bird
      • What Should I Feed My Bird?
    • Behavior of Pet Birds
      • Do Pet Birds Have Behavior Problems?
    Routine Care and Safety of Birds
    • Importance of Veterinary Care in Pet Birds
    • Illness in Pet Birds
      • How Can I Tell If My Pet Bird Is Sick?
      • How Do I Give Medicine to My Pet Bird?
    • Grooming and Routine Care of Pet Birds
      • Does My Bird Need Its Wings Trimmed?
      • Does My Bird Need Its Nails Trimmed?
      • Does My Bird Need Its Beak Trimmed?
      • How Can I Make It Easy to Identify My Bird?
    • Household Hazards for Pet Birds
    Disorders and Diseases of Birds
    • Introduction to Disorders and Diseases of Pet Birds
    • Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders of Pet Birds
    • Digestive Disorders of Pet Birds
      • Avian Gastric Yeast (Macrorhabdosis)
      • Candidiasis (Thrush)
      • Avian Ganglioneuritis (Avian Bornavirus/Proventricular Dilatation Disease, Macaw Wasting Disease)
      • Pacheco's Disease/Papillomatosis (Psittacine herpesvirus)
      • Gastrointestinal Parasites
      • For More Information
    • Hormonal Disorders of Pet Birds
    • Eye Disorders of Pet Birds
    • Bone and Muscle Disorders of Pet Birds
      • Fractures
      • Gout
      • Sarcocystosis
    • Nutritional Disorders of Pet Birds
      • Obesity
      • Vitamin A Deficiency
      • Iodine Deficiency
      • Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D3 Imbalance
      • Acute Hypocalcemia in African Grey Parrots
      • Vitamin D Toxicosis
      • Iron Storage Disease
      • For More Information
    • Lung and Airway Disorders of Pet Birds
      • Aspergillosis
      • Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
      • Spread of Avian Influenza
      • Signs of Avian Influenza in Birds
      • Vaccines for Avian Influenza
      • Avian Influenza in Cats
      • Precautions for Avian Influenza
      • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Macaw Asthma)
      • Newcastle Disease
      • Respiratory Parasites
    • Reproductive Disorders of Pet Birds
      • Cloacal Prolapse (Vent Prolapse)
      • Egg Binding
      • For More Information
    • Skin and Feather Disorders of Pet Birds
      • Feather Cysts
      • Feather Plucking
      • Skin Infections
      • Parasites
      • Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (Circovirus)
      • For More Information
    • Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders of Pet Birds
    • Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Pet Birds
      • Polyomavirus
      • Pacheco’s Disease (Pacheco’s Herpesvirus)
      • Other Herpesvirus Infections
      • Poxvirus Infections
      • Mycobacteriosis (Avian Tuberculosis)
      • Psittacosis (Chlamydiosis, Parrot Fever)
      • Clostridial Diseases
      • Other Bacterial Diseases
      • Heavy Metal Poisoning
      • Poisoning from Fumes and Aerosols
      • For More Information
    • Cancers and Tumors of Pet Birds
      • For More Information
    • Injuries and Accidents of Pet Birds
      • For More Information
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