A horse is found stuck, lying down, with a halter on, in its stall with its feet up against a wall. The owner helps the horse to a standing position and then notices that the horse’s face is asymmetric. The lips and nostrils and eyelid on the same side are drooping. What is the most likely cause of this condition?

Equine arboviral encephalomyelitis
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Facial nerve paralysis
Guttural pouch infection

Blood-Gas Reference Ranges

By

Susan E. Fielder

, DVM, MS, DACVP (Clinical Pathology), Oklahoma State University

Last full review/revision Oct 2015 | Content last modified Oct 2015

Topic Resources

Blood-Gas Reference Ranges

Measure	Units	Dog	Cat	Cow	Horse
In Conventional (USA) Units
pH		7.31–7.42	7.24–7.40	7.35–7.50	7.32–7.44
HCO₃	mEq/L	17–24	17–24	20–30	24–30
pCO₂	mmHg	29–42	29–42	35–44	36–46
pO₂	mmHg	85–95	85–95	92	94
In SI Units
HCO₃	µmol/L	17–24	17–24	20–30	24–30
pCO₂	kPa	3.86–5.60	3.86–5.60	2.67–3.99	4.67–6.13
pO₂	kPa	11.3–12.66	11.3–12.66	12.26	12.53

Urine Volume and Specific Gravity

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Hematologic Reference Ranges

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