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Characteristics of the Estrous Cyclea in Common Domestic Species

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veterinary

Species	Seasonality	Cycle Type	Ovulation Control	Average Length of Estrous Cycle (Range)
Horses^b	Long-day seasonal breeders	Polyestrous	Spontaneous ovulators	21 d (18–24 d)
Cattle^c	Nonseasonal breeders (continuous)	Polyestrous	Spontaneous ovulators	21 d (18–24 d)
Sheep^d	Short-day seasonal breeders	Polyestrous	Spontaneous ovulators	17 d (14–20 d)
Goats^d	Short-day seasonal breeders	Polyestrous	Spontaneous ovulators	21 d (18–24 d)
Dogs^e	Nonseasonal breeders	Monoestrous	Spontaneous ovulators	6–10 mo (varies widely)
Cats^f	Long-day seasonal breeders	Polyestrous	Primarily induced ovulators; spontaneous ovulation possible	14–21 d (varies by breed and breeding status)
^a See the table . ^b Moss C, Lu K. Hormonal manipulation of the estrous cycle in mares. Clin Theriogenology. 2025;17(special issue):49-63. doi:10.58292/CT.v17.11651 ^c Kasimanickam R, Harting Q, Hanson R, Boler R. Estrus and ovulation synchronization strategies in beef cattle. Clin Theriogenology. 2025;17(special issue):9-23. doi:10.58292/CT.v17.11650 ^d Waqas MS, Tibary A. Manipulation of ovarian function in sheep and goats. Clin Theriogenology. 2025;17(special issue):24-35. doi:10.58292/CT.v17.11653 ^e McRae G, Runcan E, Johnson A. Estrous cycle manipulation in dogs. Clin Theriogenology. 2025(special issue);17:82-86. doi:10.58292/CT.v17.11647 ^f Barnes J, Vansandt L. Estrous cycle manipulation in cats. Clin Theriogenology. 2025(special issue);17:67-81. doi:10.58292/CT.v17.11649