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Merck Manual
Veterinary Manual
The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955

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VETERINARY PET
Common Congenital Cardiovascular Defects in Domestic Livestock

Common Congenital Cardiovascular Defects in Domestic Livestock

Species

Most Common Defects

Cattle

Ventricular septal defect, ectopic heart, ventricular hypoplasia

Sheep

Ventricular septal defect

Pigs

Tricuspid valve dysplasia, atrial septal defect, subaortic stenosis

Horses

Ventricular septal defect, PDA, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia

Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside of the US and Canada) is dedicated to using the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world.  The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community.  The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Vet Manual outside of North America.

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