Delivery Routes for Anthelminticsa,b
Cattle | Sheep | Goats | Pigs | Horses | Dogs | Cats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GI nematodes | |||||||
Benzimidazoles: albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, flubendazole, oxfendazole, ricobendazolec | PO, SC | PO | PO | PO | PO | PO | PO |
Imidazothiazoles: levamisole | Topical, PO, IM, SC | PO, SC, IM | PO | PO, IM | — | PO | PO |
Tetrahydropyrimidines: pyrantel, morantel | PO | PO | PO | PO | PO | PO | PO |
Macrocyclic lactones: ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, moxidectin | Topical, PO, SC | PO, SC, IM, Topical | Topical | PO, IM | PO | Topical, PO | Topical, PO |
Amino-acetonitrile derivatives: monepantel | PO | PO | — | — | — | — | — |
Cyclic octadepsipeptides: emodepside | — | — | — | — | — | PO | Topical |
Spiroindole: derquantel | — | PO | — | — | — | — | — |
Piperazine | — | — | — | PO | PO | PO | — |
Diethylcarbamazine | — | — | — | — | — | PO | — |
Nitroscanate | — | — | — | — | — | PO | — |
Organophosphates: naphthalophosd | — | PO | — | — | — | — | — |
Liver flukes | |||||||
Halogenated benzimidazoles: triclabendazole | Topical, PO | PO | PO | — | — | — | — |
Salicylanilides: closantel, rafoxanide | Topical, SC | PO, SC | — | — | — | — | — |
Substituted phenols: nitroxynil | SC | SC | SC | — | — | — | — |
Benzenesulfonamides: clorsulon | PO, SC | PO | — | — | — | — | — |
Tapeworms | |||||||
Praziquantel, epsiprantel | — | — | — | — | PO | PO | Topical, PO |
Salicylanilides: niclosamide | — | — | — | — | — | PO | PO |
aOnly the most representative compounds are mentioned in each chemical family. bTopical: pour-on, spot-on. cRicobendazole is the only benzimidazole compound available as an injectable solution for SC administration to cattle in some Latin American countries. dNaphthalophos oral suspension for sheep is available in some countries (eg, Uruguay, Australia) and indicated for Haemonchus contortus that is highly resistant to all other available compounds. | |||||||