Diagnoses for Hypercalcemia in Small Animals
Diagnoses for Hypercalcemia in Small Animals
Differential Diagnoses for Hypercalcemia | Descriptions |
|---|---|
Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia of malignancy | Apocrine anal sac adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, thymoma, carcinoma, others |
Primary hyperparathyroidism | Adenoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma |
Renal failure | Acute or chronic |
Medications | Thiazide diuretics, vitamin D toxicosis, calcium supplementation, vitamin A toxicosis |
Granulomatous disease | Fungal disease, panniculitis, injection reaction |
Nonparathyroid endocrine | Hypoadrenocorticism, thyrotoxicosis |
Skeletal disease | Osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, hypertrophic osteodystrophy |
Toxic | House plants, rodenticides, raisin/grape |
Transient | Associated with hemoconcentration, hyperproteinemia |
Idiopathic | Cats only |
Spurious | Lab error, tube or sample error |
Nonpathologic | Postprandial, young age, lipemia |