Dietary Fat-Soluble Vitamin Requirements of Beef Cattle
Requirementa,b | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin | Production Class | Per Animal, in IU/lb (IU/kg) of body weight | By Feed Content,c in IU/lb (IU/kg) of dry matter |
A | Growing and finishing cattle | 21 (46.2) | 1,000 (2,200)] |
Pregnant females | 27 (59.4) | 1,270 (2,794) | |
Lactating females and breeding bulls | 38 (83.6) | 1,770 (3,894) | |
D | All classes | 2.6 (5.7) | 125 (275) |
E | Highly stressed, newly received calves | 0.9 (2.0) | 227 (499) |
All other classes of cattle | 0.3 (0.7) | 16 (35) | |
a1 IU of vitamin A = 0.3 mcg of all-trans retinol, 0.344 mcg of retinyl acetate, or 0.55 mcg of retinyl palmitate; 1 IU of vitamin D = 0.025 mcg of cholecalciferol; 1 IU of vitamin E = 1 mg of all racemic alpha-tocopherol acetate. bValues adapted from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 8th rev. ed. National Academies Press; 2016. cConsult with a nutritionist to determine the proper methods of sampling and assessing feedstuff nutrient content. | |||