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Dietary Fat-Soluble Vitamin Requirements of Beef Cattle

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		Requirement^a,b
Vitamin	Production Class	Per Animal, in IU/lb (IU/kg) of body weight	By Feed Content,^c in IU/lb (IU/kg) of dry matter
A	Growing and finishing cattle	21 (46.2)	1,000 (2,200)]
	Pregnant females	27 (59.4)	1,270 (2,794)
	Lactating females and breeding bulls	38 (83.6)	1,770 (3,894)
D	All classes	2.6 (5.7)	125 (275)
E	Highly stressed, newly received calves	0.9 (2.0)	227 (499)
	All other classes of cattle	0.3 (0.7)	16 (35)
^a1 IU of vitamin A = 0.3 mcg of all-trans retinol, 0.344 mcg of retinyl acetate, or 0.55 mcg of retinyl palmitate; 1 IU of vitamin D = 0.025 mcg of cholecalciferol; 1 IU of vitamin E = 1 mg of all racemic alpha-tocopherol acetate. ^bValues adapted from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 8th rev. ed. National Academies Press; 2016. ^cConsult with a nutritionist to determine the proper methods of sampling and assessing feedstuff nutrient content.