Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis Risk Factors and Infectious Agents

Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis (IKC)

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)

RISK FACTORS

Infectious agents (see below)

Commingling during shipping or at shows, sales, and auctions

Ultraviolet solar irradiation

Flies

Dust

Mechanical irritation (awns from plants such as foxtail grasses)

Trace mineral deficiencies (copper, selenium)

Infectious agents (see below)

INFECTIOUS AGENTS

Chlamydophila pecorum

Mycoplasma spp (notably Mycoplasma conjunctivae)

Moraxella ovis

Colesiota conjunctivae

Listeria monocytogenes

Acholeplasma oculi

Thelazia spp

Primary etiological agent: Moraxella bovis

Possible contributing agents:

  • Other Moraxella spp (eg, Moraxella bovoculi,aMoraxella ovis)

  • Various Mycoplasma spp (eg, Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovoculi)

  • Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus [IBRV])

aPublished experimental challenges of cattle with Moraxella bovoculi have not provided a direct link between Moraxella bovoculi infection and IBK.