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veterinary

Location	Disease	Mechanism
Luminal	Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency	Lack of pancreatic enzymes (maldigestion)
Luminal	Small intestinal dysbiosis	Bacterial activity: bile salt deconjugation, fatty acid hydroxylation, competition for cobalamin and nutrients
Mucosal	Infectious enteropathies Protozoal Fungal Parasitic Chronic inflammatory enteropathy Immunosuppressive-responsive enteropathy/inflammatory bowel disease Diet-responsive enteropathy Neoplastic infiltration	Mucosal damage: inflammation, brush-border defects, disturbed enterocyte function, decreased surface area
Mucosal	Villous atrophy	Decrease in surface area, immature enterocytes due to increased cell turnover with decreased brush-border enzyme expression
Mucosal	Inherited and acquired brush-border enzyme deficiencies	Lactase deficiency, diffuse small intestinal disease
Postmucosal	Lymphangiectasia	Lymphatic obstruction impairs delivery of chylomicrons
Postmucosal	Vasculitis, portal hypertension	Impaired delivery