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MSDMERCK MANUALVeterinary Manual
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  1. Veterinary/
  2. Nervous System/
  3. The Neurologic Examination/
    The Neurologic Examination
    • The Neurologic Examination of Animals
      • Taking a History
      • Evaluating Posture
      • Assessing Mentation and Behavior
      • Examining the Cranial Nerves
        • Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory Nerve)
        • Cranial Nerve II (Optic Nerve)
        • Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI (Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves)
        • Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal Nerve)
        • Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve)
        • Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)
        • Cranial Nerves IX and X (Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves)
        • Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)
        • Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal Nerve)
      • Evaluating Gait
        • Ataxia
        • Weakness
        • Lameness
      • Assessing Postural Reactions
        • Proprioceptive Positioning
        • Hopping Reaction
        • Placing Response
      • Testing Spinal Reflexes
        • Patellar Reflex
        • Pelvic Limb Withdrawal Reflex
        • Thoracic Limb Withdrawal Reflex
        • Perineal Reflex
        • Cutaneous Trunci Reflex
      • Palpation
      • Evaluating Nociception
        • Superficial Pain
        • Deep Pain
      • Neuroanatomical Localization
        • Forebrain
        • Brainstem
        • Cerebellum
        • C1-C5 Spinal Segments
        • C6-T2 Spinal Segments
        • T3-L3 Spinal Segments
        • L4-S3 Spinal Segments
        • Peripheral Nerve Lesions
        • Muscle Disorders
      • For More Information
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