Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Rabbits

Abscesses (pockets of pus) can develop under the skin, in the jaw, or in internal organs. Rabbit pus is thick and drains poorly, so treatment usually requires surgery plus long-term antibiotic treatment. Recurrence is common.

Rabbits are highly sensitive to heat. Ideal conditions are about 50–70°F (10–21°C) with moderate humidity and good airflow. At temperatures above 80°F (27°C), rabbits are especially at risk and should ideally be moved indoors. Hot, humid weather and poor ventilation can quickly become deadly, especially for pregnant does. Signs include stretching out and rapid breathing.

If you suspect heatstroke, wet your rabbit's ears with cool water, place it near a fan, and call a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately.

Encephalitozoonosis is a common protozoal infection of rabbits that often affects the kidneys and brain. It can cause head tilt, rolling, seizures, tremors, and other nervous system signs. It spreads from rabbit to rabbit through exposure to infected urine and from mother to fetus. Diagnosis requires lab testing. Anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal medicines can help, but no treatment guarantees a cure. Good sanitation is important for prevention.

Encephalitozoonosis is also zoonotic, meaning it can be spread from animals to people.

The most common rabbit tumor is uterine adenocarcinoma, a malignant cancer of the uterus. Risk increases with age and varies by breed. Because of this high risk, many vets recommend spaying female rabbits at 5–6 months old or later. This cancer often spreads to the lungs, liver, and other organs and is typically fatal. Chest x-rays can be taken before surgery to check for spread.

Malignant lymphoma is also fairly common and can occur in rabbits under 2 years old. It often enlarges the kidneys, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. Depending on where lymphoma occurs, it might be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, or both. Treatment can be complicated and long, and lymphoma is not always curable.