Respiratory tract disorders are common in rabbits. The conditions most commonly encountered in rabbits include the following:
Pasteurellosis, caused by infection of the respiratory tract with the Pasteurella multocida bacteria, is common in pet rabbits. It spreads quickly from rabbit to rabbit through direct contact or contact with respiratory tract secretions and can lead to sneezing, coughing, eye secretions, runny nose, pneumonia, abscesses (pockets of pus), reproductive system infection, head tilt, or blood infection. Many healthy-looking rabbits can carry the bacteria in their bodies without any signs of illness. Treatment usually includes antibiotics and supportive care.
Rhinitis, often called snuffles, is inflammation of the membranes inside the nose. It can come on quickly or be ongoing. The usual early sign is a thin, watery secretion from the nose and eyes that later becomes thick and mucuslike. Rabbits often wipe their noses with their front paws, leaving crusted or thinned fur on the inside surfaces of their front legs. Rhinitis can be caused by infections with bacteria or can be the result of dental problems, environmental irritants, and even foreign objects (like pieces of hay) inside the nose. Treatment depends on the specific cause and can include antibiotics, antiinflammatory medications, teeth trimming, and flushing or surgically scoping out foreign objects from the nose.
Pneumonia is also common and is often caused by infection with Pasteurella bacteria, though other bacteria might play a role. Poor ventilation and dirty housing increase risk. Affected rabbits can have fever, poor appetite, and low energy. Treatment often requires weeks of antibiotics, and cure is not always possible.
