Ionophores are lipid-soluble molecules that transport ions across lipid cell membranes. The subsequent disruption of cell membrane permeability results in antibacterial effects. Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic derived from Streptomyces that forms complexes with monovalent cations, including sodium and potassium. The complexes are transported in a nonpolar manner across the bacterial cell membrane. As such, it acts as an Na+/H+ antiporter. Monensin blocks intracellular protein transport, resulting in antibacterial and antimalarial effects. Monensin is used extensively in the beef and dairy industries in feed to prevent coccidiosis and improve feed efficiency. Monensin also increases the production of propionic acid and thus prevents bloat.
OTHER TOPICS IN THIS CHAPTER
Antibacterial Agents
β-Lactam Antibiotics
Penicillins
Cephalosporins and Cephamycins
Aminoglycosides
Quinolones, including Fluoroquinolones
Sulfonamides and Sulfonamide Combinations
Tetracyclines
Phenicols
Macrolides
Streptogramins
Lincosamides
Polymyxins
Bacitracins
Glycopeptides
Fosfomycin
Novobiocin Sodium
Tiamulin Fumarate
Ionophores
Rifamycins
Nitrofurans
Nitroimidazoles
Hydroxyquinolines