Disposition and Fate of Drugs

• Passage of Drugs Across Cellular Membranes

---

• Drug Absorption

  ---

  • Absorption from the GI Tract:

  ---

  • Absorption from Topical Administration:

  ---

  • Absorption from Tracheobronchial Surfaces and Alveoli:

  ---

  • Absorption from Injection Delivery Sites:

  ---

• Bioavailability

---

• Drug Distribution

---

• Drug Metabolism

---

• Drug Excretion

---

Pharmacokinetics

• Apparent Volume of Distribution

---

• Drug Clearance

  ---

  • Elimination Rate Constant:

  ---

  • Single-dose Concentration Curves After Extravascular Administration:

  ---

  • Steady State Plasma Concentration (Repeated Administration or Constant IV Infusion):

  ---

Drug Action and Pharmacodynamics

• Drug Concentration and Effect

---

• Agonists and Antagonists

---

• Structure–Activity Relationships

---

• Signal Transduction and Drug Action

---

• Drug Dose and Clinical Response

---

• Pharmacodynamics of Antimicrobial Drugs

  ---

  • Time-effect Relationships:

  ---

  • Down-regulation and Up-regulation of Receptors:

  ---

Routes of Administration and Dosage Forms

• Oral Route of Administration and Dosage Forms

---

• Oral Modified-release Delivery Systems for Ruminants

---

• Parenteral Route of Administration and Dosage Forms

  ---

  • Special Dosage Form Considerations with Intra-articular Injections:

  ---

• Special Dosage Form Considerations with Recombinant Proteins and Peptides:

---

• Special Dosage Form Considerations with Live Vaccines, Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines, and DNA Vaccines:

---

• Topical Route of Administration and Dosage Forms

  ---

  • Specialized Topical Dosage Forms and Delivery Systems for Transdermal Drug Delivery:

  ---

• Specialized Topical Dosage Forms, Delivery Systems, and Application Methods for Parasite Control:

---

• Inhaled Dosage Forms and Delivery Systems

---

Chemical Residues in Food and Fiber

• Chemical Residues in Foodstuffs of Animal Origin

  ---

  • Residues Resulting from Veterinary Drugs, Medicated Feeds, or Application of Pesticides:

  ---

  • Residues Resulting from Consumption of Stockfeeds Treated with Agricultural Chemicals:

  ---

• Chemical Residues in Animal Fibers

---

Diuretics

• Furosemide

  ---

  • Preparations and Disposition:

  ---

  • Drug Interactions and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Clinical Use:

  ---

• Thiazide Diuretics

  ---

  • Preparations and Disposition:

  ---

  • Drug Interactions and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Clinical Use:

  ---

• Potassium-sparing Diuretics

  ---

  • Preparations and Disposition:

  ---

  • Drug Interactions and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Clinical Use:

  ---

Positive Inotropes

• Cardiac Glycosides

  ---

  • Preparations and Disposition:

  ---

  • Drug Interactions and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Clinical Use:

  ---

• Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

---

• β -Adrenergic Agonists

---

Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors

• Preparations and Disposition:

---

• Drug Interactions and Toxicity:

---

• Clinical Use:

---

Vasoactive Drugs

• Arterial Dilators

---

• Arterial and Venous Dilators

---

• Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor

---

Antiarrhythmics

• Class I Drugs

  ---

  • Class IA Drugs:

  ---

  • Class IB Drugs:

  ---

  • Class IC Drugs:

  ---

• Class II Drugs

---

• Class III Drugs

---

• Class IV Drugs

---

Drugs Acting on the Blood or Blood-forming Organs

• Hematinics

---

• Hemostatics

---

• Anticoagulants

---

Drugs Affecting Appetite (Monogastric)

• Appetite Suppression:

---

• Appetite Stimulation:

---

Drugs to Control or Stimulate Vomiting (Monogastric)

• Neurotransmitters of Emesis:

---

• Emetic Drugs:

---

• Antiemetic Drugs:

---

Therapy of Gastrointestinal Ulcers (Monogastric)

• Antacids:

---

• Sucralfate:

---

• H 2 -Receptor Antagonists:

---

• Proton Pump Inhibitors:

---

• Acid Rebound:

---

• Misoprostol:

---

Drugs Used in Treatment of Diarrhea (Monogastric)

• Mucosal Protectants and Adsorbents:

---

• Motility-modifying Drugs:

---

• Antimicrobial Therapy:

---

• Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):

---

Cathartic and Laxative Drugs (Monogastric)

• Stimulant Cathartics:

---

• Hyperosmotic Cathartics:

---

• Hydrophilic Colloids (“Bulk Laxatives”):

---

• Lubricant Laxatives:

---

• Fecal Softeners (Surfactants):

---

Drugs for Specific Purposes in the Ruminant Digestive System

• Esophageal Obstruction:

---

• Ruminotorics:

---

• Ruminal Fluid Transfer:

---

• Antifoaming Agents:

---

• Ruminoreticular Antacids:

---

• Ruminoreticular Acidifying Agents:

---

• Modulators of Ruminoreticular Motility:

---

Treatment of Infectious Disease of the Eye

• Feline Herpesvirus Keratitis and Conjunctivitis:

---

• Feline Chlamydial Conjunctivitis:

---

• Feline Toxoplasmosis:

---

• Feline and Canine Rickettsial Infection:

---

• Canine and Feline Ocular Mycoses:

---

• Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis:

---

• Penetrating Trauma:

---

Treatment of Intraocular Inflammation

• Canine Immune-mediated Disease:

---

• Canine Optic Neuritis:

---

• Equine Uveitis:

---

• Equine Optic Neuritis:

---

Treatment of Miscellaneous Feline Ocular Conditions

• Feline Eosinophilic Keratitis:

---

• Feline Hypertensive Retinopathy:

---

Treatment of Glaucoma

• Osmotic Diuretics:

---

• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

---

Antifungals for Integumentary Disease

• Griseofulvin:

---

• Ketoconazole:

---

• Itraconazole:

---

• Fluconazole:

---

• Amphotericin B:

---

• Flucytosine:

---

• Terbinafine:

---

• Systemic Iodine:

---

Antiparasitics for Integumentary Disease

• Ivermectin:

---

• Milbemycin:

---

• Moxidectin:

---

• Selamectin:

---

• Lufenuron:

---

• Nitenpyram:

---

• Spinosad

---

• Indoxacarb

---

• Cythioate:

---

• Sodium Stibogluonate

---

Hormonal Therapy for Integumentary Disease

• Glucocorticoids:

---

• Thyroid Hormone:

---

• Trilostane:

---

• Mitotane (o,p′DDD):

---

• Progesterones:

---

• Growth Hormone:

---

• Sex Hormones:

---

• Melatonin:

---

Immunomodulators for Integumentary Disease

• Immunostimulants

---

• Immunosuppressants

  ---

  • Glucocorticoids:

  ---

  • Azathioprine:

  ---

  • Cyclophosphamide:

  ---

  • Chlorambucil:

  ---

  • Crysotherapy:

  ---

  • Cyclosporine:

  ---

  • Oclacitinib

  ---

  • Sulfones:

  ---

  • Tetracycline and Niacinamide:

  ---

  • Pentoxifylline:

  ---

Vitamins and Minerals for Integumentary Disease

• Retinoids:

---

• Zinc:

---

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

• Competitive Nondepolarizing Agents:

---

• Depolarizing Agents:

---

Antiepileptic Drugs Used to Stop Ongoing Seizure Activity

• Foals and Horses

---

• Ruminants

---

• Dogs and Cats

---

• Benzodiazepines:

---

• Barbiturates:

---

• Inhalation Anesthesia:

---

• Alternative Methods to Stop a Seizure:

---

Maintenance Anticonvulsant or Antiepileptic Therapy

• Maintenance Antiepileptic Drugs (Anticonvulsants)

  ---

  • Phenobarbital:

  ---

  • Bromide:

  ---

  • Primidone:

  ---

  • Diazepam:

  ---

• Newer or Adjunctive Anticonvulsants

  ---

  • Levetiracetam:

  ---

  • Zonisamide:

  ---

  • Gabapentin:

  ---

  • Felbamate:

  ---

  • Valproic Acid:

  ---

  • Clonazepam:

  ---

  • Carbamazepine:

  ---

  • Clorazepate Dipotassium:

  ---

  • Phenytoin:

  ---

  • Mephenytoin:

  ---

  • Topiramate:

  ---

Psychotropic Agents

• Anxiolytics

---

• Antipsychotics

---

• Mood-stabilizing Drugs

---

• Antidepressants

---

• Other Agents and Hormones

---

Systemic Therapy of Inflammatory Airway Disease

• β-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists

---

• Methylxanthines

---

• Anticholinergic Drugs

---

• Glucocorticoids

---

• Cyproheptadine

---

• Antimicrobial Therapy

---

Inhalation Therapy of Airway Disease

• Spacers

---

• β 2 -Agonists

---

• Glucocorticoids

---

• Ipratropium Bromide

---

• Cromolyn Sodium and Nedocromil

---

• Lidocaine

---

• Suggested Treatment Regimens

---

Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections

• Antimicrobial Therapy:

---

• Dosage Regimens for UTI:

---

• Managing Multiple Episodes of UTI:

---

• Therapeutic Failures:

---

• Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogens:

---

Diuretics

• Furosemide:

---

• Thiazide Diuretics:

---

• Potassium-sparing Diuretics:

---

• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

---

• Osmotic Diuretics:

---

Antimicrobial Drug Factors

• Mechanism of Action

---

• Drug Disposition

---

• Adverse Effects and Toxicity

---

• Virulence and Resistance

  ---

  • Antimicrobial Resistance and the Veterinarian:

  ---

  • Special Considerations for Food Animal Veterinarians:

  ---

Requirements for Successful Antimicrobial Therapy

• Clinical Diagnosis:

---

• Microbiologic Diagnosis:

---

• Culture and Susceptibility Testing:

---

Mechanisms of Action of Anthelmintics

• Cellular Integrity:

---

• Neuromuscular Coordination:

---

Pharmacokinetics of Anthelmintics

• Benzimidazoles and Probenzimidazoles:

---

• Imidazothiazoles:

---

• Tetrahydropyrimidines:

---

• Macrocyclic Lactones:

---

• Salicylanilides and Substituted Phenols:

---

• Amino-acetonitrile Derivatives

---

• Cyclic Octadepsipeptides

---

• Spiroindoles

---

• Praziquantel

---

Benzimidazoles

• Ruminants:

---

• Horses:

---

• Swine:

---

• Dogs and Cats:

---

• Birds:

---

Imidazothiazoles

• Ruminants:

---

• Swine:

---

• Dogs:

---

• Birds:

---

Tetrahydropyrimidines

• Ruminants:

---

• Horses:

---

• Swine:

---

• Dogs and Cats:

---

Macrocyclic Lactones

• Environmental Effects

---

• Persistent Efficacy

  ---

  • Cattle:

  ---

  • Small Ruminants:

  ---

  • Swine:

  ---

  • Horses:

  ---

  • Dogs and Cats:

  ---

  • Other Species:

  ---

β-Lactam Antibiotics

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

Penicillins

• Classes by Spectrum

  ---

  • Narrow-spectrum β-Lactamase–sensitive Penicillins:

  ---

  • Broad-spectrum β-Lactamase–sensitive Penicillins:

  ---

  • Broad-spectrum β-Lactamase–sensitive Penicillins with Extended Spectra:

  ---

  • β-Lactamase–protected Penicillins:

  ---

  • Narrow-spectrum β-Lactamase–resistant Penicillins:

  ---

  • Carbapenems:

  ---

• General Properties

  ---

  • Structure-activity Relationships:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation:

  ---

  • Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

  • Drug Withdrawal and Milk Discard Times:

  ---

Cephalosporins and Cephamycins

• Classes and Antibacterial Spectra

  ---

  • First-generation Cephalosporins:

  ---

  • Second-generation Cephalosporins:

  ---

  • Third- and Fourth-generation Cephalosporins:

  ---

• General Properties

---

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation:

  ---

  • Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

  • Drug Withdrawal and Milk Discard Times:

  ---

Aminoglycosides

• Classes

  ---

  • Narrow-spectrum Aminoglycosides:

  ---

  • Expanded-spectrum Aminoglycosides:

  ---

  • Miscellaneous Aminoglycoside Antibiotics:

  ---

• General Properties

---

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

  • Antibacterial Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation, Excretion, and Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

  • Drug Withdrawal and Milk Discard Times:

  ---

• Miscellaneous Aminocyclitol Antibiotics

---

Quinolones, including Fluoroquinolones

• Classes

---

• General Properties

---

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

  • Antimicrobial Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation:

  ---

  • Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

Sulfonamides and Sulfonamide Combinations

• Classes

  ---

  • Standard Use Sulfonamides:

  ---

  • Highly Soluble Sulfonamides Used for Urinary Tract Infections:

  ---

  • Poorly Soluble Sulfonamides Used for Intestinal Infections:

  ---

  • Potentiated Sulfonamides:

  ---

  • Topical Sulfonamides:

  ---

• General Properties

---

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

  • Antimicrobial Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation:

  ---

  • Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

  • Regulatory Considerations and Drug Withdrawal and Milk Discard Times:

  ---

Tetracyclines

• Classes

---

• General Properties

---

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

  • Antimicrobial Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation:

  ---

  • Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

  • Drug Withdrawal and Milk Discard Times:

  ---

Phenicols

• General Properties

---

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

  • Antimicrobial Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation:

  ---

  • Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

  • Drug Withdrawal and Milk Discard Times:

  ---

Macrolides

• Classes

---

• General Properties

---

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

  • Antimicrobial Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation:

  ---

  • Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

  • Drug Withdrawal and Milk Discard Times:

  ---

Lincosamides

• General Properties

---

• Antimicrobial Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Bacterial Resistance:

  ---

  • Antimicrobial Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation:

  ---

  • Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetic Values:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

  • Drug Withdrawal Times:

  ---

Nitrofurans

• Nitrofurantoin

---

• Nitrofurazone

---

• Furazolidone

---

• Miscellaneous Nitrofurans

---

Nitroimidazoles

• Metronidazole

---

Polyene Macrolide Antibiotics

• Antifungal Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Fungal Resistance:

  ---

  • Antifungal Spectra:

  ---

  • Preparations:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation and Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetics:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

Imidazoles

• Antifungal Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Fungal Resistance:

  ---

  • Antimicrobial Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption and Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation and Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetics:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

Flucytosine

• Antifungal Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Fungal Resistance:

  ---

  • Antifungal Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption and Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation and Excretion:

  ---

  • Pharmacokinetics:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

Griseofulvin

• Antifungal Activity

  ---

  • Mode of Action:

  ---

  • Fungal Resistance:

  ---

  • Antifungal Spectra:

  ---

• Pharmacokinetic Features

  ---

  • Absorption:

  ---

  • Distribution:

  ---

  • Biotransformation and Pharmacokinetics:

  ---

• Therapeutic Indications and Dose Rates

---

• Special Clinical Concerns

  ---

  • Adverse Effects and Toxicity:

  ---

  • Interactions:

  ---

  • Effects on Laboratory Tests:

  ---

Corticosteroids

• Mode of Action:

---

• Physiologic and Pharmacologic Effects:

---

• Administration and Pharmacokinetics:

---

• Adverse Effects:

---

• Therapeutic Uses:

---

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

• Mode of Action:

---

• Pharmacologic Effects:

---

• Administration and Pharmacokinetics:

---

• Adverse Effects:

---

• Specific Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

  ---

  • Aspirin:

  ---

  • Acetaminophen:

  ---

  • Phenylbutazone:

  ---

  • Meclofenamic Acid:

  ---

  • Tolfenamic Acid:

  ---

  • Flunixin:

  ---

  • Carprofen:

  ---

  • Ketoprofen:

  ---

  • Etodolac:

  ---

  • Vedaprofen:

  ---

  • Meloxicam:

  ---

  • Deracoxib:

  ---

  • Firocoxib:

  ---

  • Robenacoxib:

  ---

  • Mavacoxib:

  ---

  • Tepoxalin:

  ---

  • Other NSAIDs:

  ---

Chondroprotective Agents

• Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan:

---

• Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium:

---

• Hyaluronan:

---

• Orgotein:

---

Overview of Antineoplastic Agents

• Tumor Growth and Response to Chemotherapy:

---

• Principles of Antineoplastic Chemotherapy:

---

• Resistance to Antineoplastic Agents:

---

• Patterns of Toxicity:

---

• Safe Handling of Antineoplastic Chemotherapeutic Agents:

---

• Classification of Antineoplastic Chemotherapeutic Agents:

---

Alkylating Agents

• Nitrogen Mustards:

---

• Other Alkylating Agents:

---

Antimetabolites

• Folic Acid Analogues:

---

• Pyrimidine Analogues:

---

• Purine Analogues:

---

Mitotic Inhibitors

• Vinca Alkaloids:

---

• Taxanes:

---

Miscellaneous Antineoplastic Agents

• Biologic Response Modifiers in Cancer Therapy:

---

Acids and Alkalies

• Acids:

---

• Alkalies:

---

Oxidizing Agents

• Peroxides:

---

• Halogens and Halogen-containing Compounds:

  ---

  • Iodine:

  ---

  • Chlorine:

  ---

Surface-active Compounds

• Anionic Surfactants:

---

• Cationic Surfactants:

---

Overview of Antiviral Agents

• Pyrimidine Nucleosides:

---

• Purine Nucleosides:

---

Ectoparasiticides Used in Large Animals

• Chemotherapeutic Agents

  ---

  • Organochlorines:

  ---

  • Organophosphates and Carbamates:

  ---

  • Pyrethrins and Synthetic Pyrethroids:

  ---

  • Macrocyclic Lactones (Avermectins and Milbemycins):

  ---

  • Formamidines:

  ---

  • Chloronicotinyls and Spinosyns:

  ---

  • Insect Growth Regulators:

  ---

  • Miscellaneous Compounds:

  ---

• Other Control Methods

---

• Biologic Control:

---

• Off-host Control:

---

• Safety Restrictions

---

Ectoparasiticides Used in Small Animals

• Active Chemical Ingredients

  ---

  • Macrocyclic Lactones:

  ---

  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors:

  ---

  • Chlorinated Hydrocarbons:

  ---

  • Neonicotinoids:

  ---

  • Formamidines:

  ---

  • Oxadiazines:

  ---

  • Isoxazolines:

  ---

  • Insect Growth Regulators:

  ---

  • Phenylpyrazoles:

  ---

  • Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids:

  ---

  • Spinosyns:

  ---

  • Repellents:

  ---

  • Synergists:

  ---

• Target Parasite Efficacy

---

• Safety

---

• Delivery Systems

---

Steroid Hormones

• Endogenous Steroids

  ---

  • Estradiol:

  ---

  • Testosterone:

  ---

  • Progesterone:

  ---

• Synthetic Steroids

---

• Synthetic Nonsteroidal Estrogens

---

• Use in Cattle

---

• Use in Horses

---

• Use in Other Species

---

• Possible Complications

---

• Factors Affecting Response

---

Antimicrobial Feed Additives

• Ionophore Antibiotics

---

• Nonionophore Antibiotics

---

Active Immunization

• Adjuvants

---

• Types of Vaccines

  ---

  • Subunit Vaccines:

  ---

  • Antigens Generated by Gene Cloning:

  ---

  • Attenuated Vaccines:

  ---

  • Gene-deleted Vaccines:

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  • Virus-vectored Vaccines:

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  • Polynucleotide (DNA) Vaccines:

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• Administration of Vaccines

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  • Route of Administration:

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  • Combination Vaccines:

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  • Vaccination Schedules:

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  • Prime-boost Strategies:

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• Vaccine Failure

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• Adverse Reactions

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• Production of Vaccines

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Passive Immunization

• Monoclonal Antibodies:

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