Feline atopic skin syndrome is a pruritic, inflammatory skin condition induced by environmental allergens. Clinical signs include pruritus, which is manifested through reaction patterns such as miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex, self-induced alopecia, and head and neck pruritus. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, exclusion of other causes of pruritus, and fulfillment of published diagnostic criteria. Treatment includes management of secondary infections, medications to relieve pruritus, and allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS)—formerly known as non–flea-induced, non–food-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis—is an allergic skin disease triggered by environmental allergens (1). The broader term “feline atopic syndrome” (FAS) has been proposed to encompass allergic diseases affecting the skin, GI tract, and respiratory system.
Affected cats have a hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled or contacted environmental allergens.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
The etiology and pathogenesis of feline atopic skin syndrome are complex and involve a genetic predisposition, impairment of the skin's normal barrier function, and immunological aberrations. Like dogs with atopic dermatitis (as well as other species), cats with FASS are thought to be genetically predisposed to becoming sensitized to allergens in the environment.
Allergens are proteins that, when inhaled or absorbed through the skin, respiratory tract, or GI tract, evoke allergen-specific IgE production. The allergen-specific IgE molecules affix themselves to tissue mast cells or basophils. When these primed cells come in contact with the specific allergen again, mast cell degranulation results in the release of proteolytic enzymes, histamine, bradykinins, and other vasoactive amines, leading to inflammation (erythema, edema, and pruritus).
Although IL-31 has been found to be a key mediator of allergic itch in dogs, its role in feline allergic disease has not been established.
Pearls & Pitfalls
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Epidemiology of Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
The age of onset of feline atopic skin syndrome is variable but is generally < 5 years.
Clinical signs can be seasonal or nonseasonal.
Purebred cats may have a higher risk of developing FASS than domestic shorthair cats.
Clinical Findings of Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
Cats with feline atopic skin syndrome can have one or more of the following cutaneous reaction patterns:
miliary dermatitis
self-inflicted alopecia (often called symmetrical alopecia)
head and neck pruritus
eosinophilic skin diseases (indolent ulcer, eosinophilic plaque, focal eosinophilic granuloma)
Miliary dermatitis is a papulocrustous dermatitis, and it is one of the most common clinical signs of FASS in cats. The distribution of the crusted papules can be localized or generalized. Lesions are small; in longhair cats, they are difficult to visualize but can be palpated.
Localized or multifocal areas of hypotrichosis or alopecia can occur as a result of excessive self-grooming. Self-inflicted alopecia is often bilaterally symmetrical, in areas where the cat can groom (perineum, ventral abdomen, and caudal or medial thighs, flanks, lateral thorax, and proximal tail). However, self-inflicted alopecia must be differentiated from non–self-induced (nonpruritic) alopecia, such as feline paraneoplastic alopecia.
With self-inflicted alopecia, the underlying skin is often unaffected (ie, the alopecia is noninflammatory); however, small erythematous papules can be associated with affected areas. Cats are artful groomers, so owners might not notice the overgrooming behavior. Hair trichography can be used to evaluate the tips of hair shafts, which are broken-off in cats that are overgrooming.
Head and neck pruritus is usually associated with considerable self-trauma. Self-trauma due to pruritus can include alopecia, excoriations, erosions, ulcerations, and secondary infections.
Eosinophilic skin diseases in cats (indolent ulcer, eosinophilic plaque, and focal eosinophilic granuloma) are commonly related to a hypersensitivity to an allergen.
Diagnosis of Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
Clinical evaluation
History
Exclusion of other causes of pruritus
First steps in the diagnosis of feline atopic skin syndrome include the following:
history review
dermatological and physical examinations
flea combing
skin cytological evaluation (eg, superficial and deep skin scraping, direct touch impressions, acetate tape impressions)
fungal cultures
Because flea allergy dermatitis is the most common type of allergic dermatitis in cats, it is essential to review and/or start flea control in cats with pruritic dermatitis. In nonseasonal cases, a food elimination trial should be performed to diagnose or rule out an adverse food reaction if flea allergy dermatitis and infectious dermatosis have been ruled out.
Pearls & Pitfalls
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Allergy testing (intradermal or serological) is a diagnostic aid that measures increased concentrations of tissue-bound or circulating IgE; alone, allergy testing is not diagnostic but rather reflects exposure. The primary reason to pursue intradermal or serological allergy testing is to identify the offending allergens in an individual patient and to formulate allergen-specific immunotherapy. Test results are important only if the offending allergens identified are compatible with the history or seasonality of pruritus.
Differential diagnoses for FASS include the following:
other ectoparasitism (eg, Cheyletiella, Demodex, Notoedres, Sarcoptes, Otodectes)
autoimmune disease (eg, pemphigus foliaceus, sterile granulomatous disease)
cutaneous drug reaction
infectious diseases (dermatophytosis, superficial pyoderma, Malassezia dermatitis, viral dermatosis, mycobacteriosis, nocardiosis, other fungal diseases
cutaneous neoplasia (squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous lymphoma, mast cell tumor)
hormonal dermatosis (hyperthyroidism, hypoparathyroidism)
psychogenic alopecia
A diagnosis of FASS is made when the other differential diagnoses have been eliminated and compatible clinical signs are present. Diagnostic criteria are listed in the table . Fulfillment of 6 of the 10 criteria gives a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 83% for the diagnosis of non–flea-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis (2).
Diagnostic Criteria for Food-Induced or Environmentally Induced Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
Presence of: |
|---|
Pruritus at onset |
At least two of the following skin reaction patterns:
|
At least two affected sites |
Miliary dermatitis as a dominant pattern |
Eosinophilic dermatitis, symmetrical alopecia, or erosions or ulcerations on the head, face, lips, ears, or neck |
Nonsymmetrical alopecia on the rump, tail, or hindlimbs |
Symmetrical alopecia on the abdomen |
Absence of: |
Erosions or ulcerations on the forelimbs |
Lesions on the sternum or axilla Nodules or tumors |
Adapted from Santoro D, Pucheu-Haston CM, Prost C, Mueller RS, Jackson H. Clinical signs and diagnosis of feline atopic syndrome: detailed guidelines for a correct diagnosis. Vet Dermatol. 2021;32:26-e6. doi:10.1111/vde.12935 |
Treatment of Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
Allergen avoidance
Allergen-specific immunotherapy
Pruritus control
Treatment of secondary infections
Identification and control of flare factors
Treatment of feline atopic skin syndrome is complex and often involves a multimodal approach, including controlling flare factors, antipruritic therapy, and allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Avoidance of allergens, such as via environmental management, can be considered for managing FASS; however, allergen avoidance is difficult (if not impossible) to achieve, even when a specific allergen or allergens can be identified.
In cats with FASS, treatment of secondary bacterial infections with topical or systemic antimicrobials can help decrease lesion severity when cytological studies confirm infection. Topical treatment is preferred over systemic whenever feasible.
Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
Intradermal allergy testing and allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) are used in cats with FASS similarly to how they are used in dogs with atopic dermatitis; however, intradermal test results are more difficult to read because reactions are less dramatic and dissipate more rapidly in cats. (See also the table Select Therapeutic Agents for Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome.)
Response to ASIT in cats is similar to that in dogs; owners are advised to commit to 1 year of immunotherapy before deciding on its usefulness.
Select Therapeutic Agents for Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
Agent | Dosagea | Key Points |
|---|---|---|
Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT) | ||
Injectable ASIT: subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy (SCIT) | Various protocols exist; patient-specific recommendations are typically provided by the serum manufacturer on the basis of testing results, patient history, allergen cross-reactivity, and geographical location. | Very specific targeted effect Slow onset of action (up to 12 mo) Not useful for acute flares Most common adverse reaction: worsening of pruritus |
Oral ASIT: sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (SLIT) | Pump dispenser directly onto oral mucosa, between lip and gum, q 12 h | Most common adverse reactions: face rubbing, transient worsening of pruritus, GI signs |
Topical Glucocorticoids | ||
Hydrocortisone aceponate 0.0584% | 2 sprays, once q 24 h for 28 d, then q 48 h as toleratedb | Rapidly effective in most cats in one study, with no adverse effectsb Requires monitoring for adverse effects if used long-term |
Oral Glucocorticoids | ||
Methylprednisolone | 1.4–1.5 mg/kg, PO, once q 24 h until remission,c then tapered to lowest effective dose and frequency that maintains remission | Rapid and effective in most catsb Requires monitoring for adverse effects if used long-term |
Calcineurin Inhibitors | ||
Modified cyclosporine | 7 mg/kg, PO, once q 24 h, then tapered to q 48 h or twice weeklyd-l | Most common adverse effects: GI disturbances (eg, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia) Other adverse effects: gingival hyperplasia, weight loss, sneezing, lethargy, acute bullous keratopathy, changes in blood cell counts or biochemical parameters, fatal toxoplasmosis in naive cats |
Antihistamines | ||
Chlorpheniramine | 2 mg/cat, PO, q 12 hm | |
Endogenous Fatty Acid Amides | ||
Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide | 15 mg/kg, q 24 hn,o | Moderate efficacy supported by moderate evidence |
Janus Kinase Inhibitors | ||
Oclacitinib | 1 mg/kg, PO, q 12–24 hp-s | Extralabel use; long-term safety data not available When effective, response is usually within the first month Potential adverse effects: vomiting, diarrhea, changes in blood cell counts, thrombocytopenia, increased BUN and creatinine concentrations, increased ALT activity |
Neurokinine-1 Receptor Antagonist | ||
Maropitant citrate | 2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 4 wkt | Extralabel use Most common adverse effect: hypersalivation |
a For most antipruritic agents used to treat cats with feline atopic skin syndrome, therapy typically continues until clinical signs have resolved. However, in many cases, long-term therapy is required to maintain control of clinical signs. When long-term therapy is required, medications should be tapered to the lowest dose and frequency that maintains remission of clinical signs. b Schmidt V, Buckley LM, McEwan NA, Rème CA, Nuttall TJ. Efficacy of a 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate spray in presumed feline allergic dermatitis: an open label pilot study. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23(1):11-16, e3-4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00993.x c Ganz EC, Griffin CE, Keys DA, Flatgard TA. Evaluation of methylprednisolone and triamcinolone for the induction and maintenance treatment of pruritus in allergic cats: a double-blinded, randomized, prospective study. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23(5):387-e72. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01058.x d Roberts ES, Speranza C, Friberg C, et al. Confirmatory field study for the evaluation of ciclosporin at a target dose of 7.0 mg/kg (3.2 mg/lb) in the control of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2016;18(11):889-897. doi:10.1177/1098612X16636660 e King S, Favrot C, Messinger L, et al. A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study to evaluate an effective ciclosporin dose for the treatment of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23(5):440-e84. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01086.x f Wisselink MA, Willemse T. The efficacy of cyclosporine A in cats with presumed atopic dermatitis: a double blind, randomised prednisolone-controlled study. Vet J. 2009;180(1):55-59. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.11.018 g Noli C, Scarampella F. Prospective open pilot study on the use of ciclosporin for feline allergic skin disease. J Small Anim Pract. 2006;47(8):434-438. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00110.x h Steffan J, Roberts E, Cannon A, et al. Dose tapering for ciclosporin in cats with nonflea-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol. 2013;24(3):315-322, e70. doi:10.1111/vde.12018 i Roberts ES, Tapp T, Trimmer A, Roycroft L, King S. Clinical efficacy and safety following dose tapering of ciclosporin in cats with hypersensitivity dermatitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2016;18(11):898-905. doi:10.1177/1098612X15602523 j Heinrich NA, McKeever PJ, Eisenschenk MC. Adverse events in 50 cats with allergic dermatitis receiving ciclosporin. Vet Dermatol. 2011;22(6):511-520. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00983.x k Ravens PA, Xu BJ, Vogelnest LJ. Feline atopic dermatitis: a retrospective study of 45 cases (2001-2012). Vet Dermatol. 2014;25(2):95-102, e27-28. doi:10.1111/vde.12109 l Vercelli A, Raviri G, Cornegliani L. The use of oral cyclosporin to treat feline dermatoses: a retrospective analysis of 23 cases. Vet Dermatol. 2006;17(3):201-206. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00514.x m Mueller RS, Nuttall T, Prost C, Schulz B, Bizikova P. Treatment of the feline atopic syndrome—a systematic review. Vet Dermatol. 2021;32(1):43-e8. doi:10.1111/vde.12933 n Scarampella F, Abramo F, Noli C. Clinical and histological evaluation of an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide, PLR 120 (comicronized Palmidrol INN) in cats with eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophilic plaque: a pilot study. Vet Dermatol. 2001;12(1):29-39. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3164.2001.00214.x o Noli C, Della Valle MF, Miolo A, Medori C, Schievano C; Skinalia Clinical Research Group. Effect of dietary supplementation with ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide in maintaining remission in cats with nonflea hypersensitivity dermatitis: a double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Vet Dermatol. 2019;30(5):387-e117. doi:10.1111/vde.12764 p Fernandes KSBR, Ferreira MB, da Silva AM et al. Eficácia do oclacitinib no manejo da síndrome da atopia felina. Acta Sci Vet. 2019;47:374-379. q Pandolfi P, Beccati M. Head and neck feline pruritus: response to oclacitinib treatment. In: Proceedings of the 8th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology. World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology; 2016:28. r Ortalda C, Noli C, Colombo S, Borio S. Oclacitinib in feline nonflea-, nonfood-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis: results of a small prospective pilot study of client-owned cats. Vet Dermatol. 2015;26(4):235-e52. doi:10.1111/vde.12218 s Noli C, Matricoti I, Schievano C. A double-blinded, randomized, methylprednisolone-controlled study on the efficacy of oclacitinib in the management of pruritus in cats with nonflea nonfood-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol. 2019;30(2):110-e30. doi:10.1111/vde.12720 t Maina E, Fontaine J. Use of maropitant for the control of pruritus in non-flea, non-food-induced feline hypersensitivity dermatitis: an open-label, uncontrolled pilot study. J Feline Med Surg. 2019;21(10):967-972. doi:10.1177/1098612X18811372 | ||
Antipruritic Therapy in Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
Interventions to relieve pruritus associated with FASS include the following (see also the table Select Therapeutic Agents for Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome):
systemic glucocorticoids
topical glucocorticoids
cyclosporine
oclacitinib
H1-receptor blocking antihistamines
essential fatty acids and palmitoylethanolamide
maropitant citrate
For most antipruritic therapies, treatment typically continues until clinical signs have resolved. However, in many cases, long-term therapy is required to maintain control of clinical signs. When long-term therapy is required, medications should be tapered to the lowest dose and frequency that maintains remission of clinical signs.
Systemic glucocorticoids are rapid and effective in most cats with FASS. Methylprednisolone, 1.4–1.5 mg/kg, PO, once every 24 hours, can induce remission of clinical signs within 14 days (3). Equipotent doses of other glucocorticoids are also generally effective. Once remission is achieved, the dosage should be tapered to the lowest effective dose and frequency that maintains remission. Because long-term glucocorticoid treatment poses a risk for adverse effects, regular monitoring with hematologic tests, serum biochemical analyses, and urinalyses is warranted.
Topical glucocorticoids have been studied less in cats with FASS than in dogs with atopic dermatitis. One study evaluated treatment of FASS with topical 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate, 2 sprays, once every 24 hours for 28 days, then every 48 hours as tolerated. The treatment was rapidly effective in 7 out of 10 cats, and no adverse effects were noted (4). Although adverse effects are less likely with topical glucocorticoid treatment than with systemic glucocorticoid treatment, absorption of topical glucocorticoids can also cause adverse effects, and cats receiving long-term topical therapy should be monitored.
Modified cyclosporine, 7 mg/kg, PO, once every 24 hours, is efficacious in the treatment of reaction patterns caused by FASS (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13). In most cats, the dosage can be tapered to every 48 hours or twice weekly administration. The most common adverse effects are GI disturbances, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Other adverse effects include gingival hyperplasia, weight loss, sneezing, lethargy, acute bullous keratopathy, changes in blood cell counts or biochemical parameters, and fatal toxoplasmosis in naive cats.
Although oclacitinib is FDA-approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs, it is not approved for treatment of FASS; however, studies have shown oclacitinib (1 mg/kg, PO, every 12–24 h) to be efficacious in treating FASS (14, 15, 16, 17). Oclacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that can decrease pruritus induced by IL-31; however, it has targets other than IL-31 that might make it efficacious in FASS. Cats that respond to treatment do so within the first month. Potential adverse effects include vomiting, diarrhea, changes in blood cell counts, thrombocytopenia, increased BUN and creatinine concentrations, and increased ALT activity. Because the use of oclacitinib for FASS is extralabel, long-term safety data are not available; therefore, cats receiving this therapy should be monitored closely.
Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of H1-receptor blocking antihistamines for the treatment of FASS (12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23). A 2021 analysis of published studies concluded that antihistamines provide a small and limited benefit in some cats with FASS (24). The evidence suggests chlorpheniramine (2 mg/cat, PO, every 12 hours) as a first-line antihistamine (24). The most common adverse effect reported in the studies was sedation; however, it was noted that the sedative effect might help to alleviate stress-associated triggers of FASS.
Limited data support the moderate efficacy of supplementation with essential fatty acids (EFAs) in cats with miliary dermatitis. Studies differ on the type of EFA administered, dose, and frequency of administration, so no general recommendation can be made for treatment (24). Moderate evidence supports the moderate efficacy of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (15 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours), an endogenous fatty acid amide, in the treatment of FASS (25, 26).
One study evaluated the efficacy of extralabel use of maropitant citrate (2 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 4 weeks) for treatment of pruritus in FASS (27). Lesions and pruritus scores improved in all cats in the study; the most common adverse effect was hypersalivation.
Key Points
Feline atopic skin syndrome is an allergic skin disease induced by environmental allergens.
The diagnosis of FASS requires exclusion of other pruritic dermatoses (particularly flea allergy dermatitis) and observation of compatible clinical signs.
Treatment of FASS is complex and often involves a multimodal approach, including controlling flare factors, antipruritic therapy, and allergen-specific immunotherapy.
ForMore Information
Gentry CM. Updates on the pathogenesis of canine and feline atopic dermatitis: part 1, history, breed prevalence, genetics, allergens, and the environment. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2025;55(2):157-171.
Gentry CM. Updates on the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis and feline atopic skin syndrome: part 2, the skin barrier, the microbiome, and immune system dysfunction. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2025;55(2):173-187.
Halliwell R. Feline allergic skin diseases: proposed new nomenclature from ICADA [webinar]. World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Accessed March 16, 2026.
Scott DW. Differential diagnosis of the pruritic cat [webinar]. World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Accessed March 16, 2026.
Griffin C. Feline allergic skin disease [webinar]. World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Accessed March 16, 2026.
Also see pet owner content regarding dermatitis and dermatological problems in cats.
References
Halliwell R, Pucheu-Haston CM, Olivry T, et al. Feline allergic diseases: introduction and proposed nomenclature. Vet Dermatol. 2021;32(1):8-e2. doi:10.1111/vde.12899
Santoro D, Pucheu-Haston CM, Prost C, Mueller RS, Jackson H. Clinical signs and diagnosis of feline atopic syndrome: detailed guidelines for a correct diagnosis. Vet Dermatol. 2021;32:26-e6. doi:10.1111/vde.12935
Ganz EC, Griffin CE, Keys DA, Flatgard TA. Evaluation of methylprednisolone and triamcinolone for the induction and maintenance treatment of pruritus in allergic cats: a double-blinded, randomized, prospective study. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23(5):387-e72. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01058.x
Schmidt V, Buckley LM, McEwan NA, Rème CA, Nuttall TJ. Efficacy of a 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate spray in presumed feline allergic dermatitis: an open label pilot study. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23(1):11-16, e3-4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00993.x
Roberts ES, Speranza C, Friberg C, et al. Confirmatory field study for the evaluation of ciclosporin at a target dose of 7.0 mg/kg (3.2 mg/lb) in the control of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2016;18(11):889-897. doi:10.1177/1098612X16636660
King S, Favrot C, Messinger L, et al. A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study to evaluate an effective ciclosporin dose for the treatment of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23(5):440-e84. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01086.x
Wisselink MA, Willemse T. The efficacy of cyclosporine A in cats with presumed atopic dermatitis: a double blind, randomised prednisolone-controlled study. Vet J. 2009;180(1):55-59. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.11.018
Noli C, Scarampella F. Prospective open pilot study on the use of ciclosporin for feline allergic skin disease. J Small Anim Pract. 2006;47(8):434-438. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00110.x
Steffan J, Roberts E, Cannon A, et al. Dose tapering for ciclosporin in cats with nonflea-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol. 2013;24(3):315-322, e70. doi:10.1111/vde.12018
Roberts ES, Tapp T, Trimmer A, Roycroft L, King S. Clinical efficacy and safety following dose tapering of ciclosporin in cats with hypersensitivity dermatitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2016;18(11):898-905. doi:10.1177/1098612X15602523
Heinrich NA, McKeever PJ, Eisenschenk MC. Adverse events in 50 cats with allergic dermatitis receiving ciclosporin. Vet Dermatol. 2011;22(6):511-520. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00983.x
Ravens PA, Xu BJ, Vogelnest LJ. Feline atopic dermatitis: a retrospective study of 45 cases (2001-2012). Vet Dermatol. 2014;25(2):95-102, e27-28. doi:10.1111/vde.12109
Vercelli A, Raviri G, Cornegliani L. The use of oral cyclosporin to treat feline dermatoses: a retrospective analysis of 23 cases. Vet Dermatol. 2006;17(3):201-206. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00514.x
Fernandes KSBR, Ferreira MB, da Silva AM et al. Eficácia do oclacitinib no manejo da síndrome da atopia felina. Acta Sci Vet. 2019;47:374-379.
Pandolfi P, Beccati M. Head and neck feline pruritus: response to oclacitinib treatment. In: Proceedings of the 8th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology. World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology; 2016:28.
Ortalda C, Noli C, Colombo S, Borio S. Oclacitinib in feline nonflea-, nonfood-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis: results of a small prospective pilot study of client-owned cats. Vet Dermatol. 2015;26(4):235-e52. doi:10.1111/vde.12218
Noli C, Matricoti I, Schievano C. A double-blinded, randomized, methylprednisolone-controlled study on the efficacy of oclacitinib in the management of pruritus in cats with nonflea nonfood-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol. 2019;30(2):110-e30. doi:10.1111/vde.12720
Griffin JS, Scott DW, Miller WH Jr, Tranchina MM. An open clinical trial on the efficacy of cetirizine hydrochloride in the management of allergic pruritus in cats. Can Vet J. 2012;53(1):47-50.
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Scott DW, Miller WH. The combination of antihistamine (chlorpheniramine) and an omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid-containing product for the management of pruritic cats: results of an open clinical trial. N Z Vet J. 1995;43(1):29-31. doi:10.1080/00480169.1995.35839
Scott DW, Rothstein E, Beningo KE, Miller WH Jr. Observations on the use of cyproheptadine hydrochloride as an antipruritic agent in allergic cats. Can Vet J. 1998;39(10):634-637.
Scott DW, Edginton HD, Miller WH, Clark MD. An open clinical trial on the efficacy of Loratadine for the management of allergic pruritus in 27 cats. Jap J Vet Dermatol. 2015;21(1):7-9. doi:10.2736/jjvd.21.7
Mueller RS, Nuttall T, Prost C, Schulz B, Bizikova P. Treatment of the feline atopic syndrome—a systematic review. Vet Dermatol. 2021;32(1):43-e8. doi:10.1111/vde.12933
Scarampella F, Abramo F, Noli C. Clinical and histological evaluation of an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide, PLR 120 (comicronized Palmidrol INN) in cats with eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophilic plaque: a pilot study. Vet Dermatol. 2001;12(1):29-39. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3164.2001.00214.x
Noli C, Della Valle MF, Miolo A, Medori C, Schievano C; Skinalia Clinical Research Group. Effect of dietary supplementation with ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide in maintaining remission in cats with nonflea hypersensitivity dermatitis: a double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Vet Dermatol. 2019;30(5):387-e117. doi:10.1111/vde.12764
Maina E, Fontaine J. Use of maropitant for the control of pruritus in non-flea, non-food-induced feline hypersensitivity dermatitis: an open-label, uncontrolled pilot study. J Feline Med Surg. 2019;21(10):967-972. doi:10.1177/1098612X18811372
