Schema of the liver, gallbladder and hepatic ducts, heart, spleen, and intestine as well as associated blood vessels. The hepatic artery, a terminal branch of the celiac artery arising from the abdominal aorta, is the major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the liver. The caudal vena cava passes in the liver before reaching the diaphragm and terminating in the caudal part of the right atrium; hepatic tributaries embedded in the liver parenchyma drain into caudal vena cava as it courses through the liver. The portal vein brings functional blood to the liver from abdominal viscera ​​such as the intestine and spleen. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile—the exocrine product of liver cells. It can be useful to categorize hepatobiliary disorders (eg, ascites, jaundice, portal hypertension), on the basis of the localization of inciting factors or causes, as pre-hepatic (pre-sinusoidal), hepatic (sinusoidal), or post-hepatic (post-sinusoidal).