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Merck Manual
Veterinary Manual
The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955

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VETERINARY PET
Severe axial fissure, cow
severe-axial-fissure-cow-cramer-sized
Severe axial fissure, cow

    This photograph of a cow with a severe axial fissure in its hoof shows that all loose horn has been removed and a block has been applied to treat the fissure.

Courtesy of Dr. Gerard Cramer.

Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside of the US and Canada) is dedicated to using the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world.  The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community.  The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Vet Manual outside of North America.

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