Selected Drugs Used in Llamas and Alpacas
Selected Drugs Used in Llamas and Alpacas
Drug | Dosage | Comment |
|---|---|---|
Sedation/anesthesia | ||
Butorphanol | 0.1–0.2 mg/kg, IM or IV | For sedation |
Xylazine | 0.3–0.4 mg/kg, IV | For recumbency |
0.1–0.2 mg/kg, IV | For sedation | |
KXB (ketamine [4 mg/kg], xylazine [0.4 mg/kg], butorphanol [0.04 mg/kg]) | 1 mL/22.5 kg, IM (llamas); 1 mL/18 kg, IM (alpacas) | Mix 1,000 mg ketamine with 100 mg xylazine and 10 mg butorphanol; if needed to maintain anesthesia, ½ initial dose can be given IV in the medial saphenous vein |
Antimicrobials | ||
Amikacin | 12 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours for 7 days | |
Ampicillin sodium | 6 mg/kg, IM or IV, every 12 hours for 10–14 days | |
Ceftiofur crystalline-free acid | 6.6 mg/kg, SC, every 7 days for 6 weeks | |
Ceftiofur sodium | 2.2 mg/kg, IM or IV, every 12 hours for 10–14 days | |
Enrofloxacin | 5 mg/kg, IV, every 12 hours for 10 days | |
Gentamicin | 4–5 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours for 5 days | |
Metronidazole | 25 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 5 days | |
Procaine penicillin G aqueous | 20,000–40,000 U/kg, SC, every 24 hours for 3–5 days | |
Tetracycline (long-acting formulation) | 18–20 mg/kg, SC, every 2–3 days for 5 treatments | |
Tobramycin | 4 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours for 5–7 days | |
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | Trimethoprim at 3 mg/kg combined with sulfamethoxazole at 15 mg/kg, IV, every 12 hours for 10 days | |
NSAIDs | ||
Flunixin meglumine | 1.1 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours | |
Meloxicam | 1 mg/kg, PO, every 3 days | |
Phenylbutazone | 2–4 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours | |
Reproductive | ||
Cloprostenol | 100–150 mcg, IM, repeated in 24 hours | |
Dinoprost tromethamine | 5 mg, SC, repeated in 24 hours | |
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | 5,000 U, IV, once | |
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | 1 mcg/kg, IM, once | |
Anthelmintics | ||
Albendazole | 10 mg/kg, PO, repeated in 14 days | |
Clorsulon | 7–14 mg/kg, PO, repeated in 45–60 days | |
Fenbendazole | 5–10 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 3–5 days 15–20 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 3 days for treatment of Trichuris infestation | |
Ivermectin | 0.2 mg/kg, SC or IM, repeated in 10 days | |
Pyrantel pamoate | 18 mg/kg, every 24 hours for 3 days | |
Antiprotozoal | ||
Ponazuril | 20 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 3 days. Ideally should be followed by sulfadimethoxine, 55 mg/kg, SC, on day 1, then 27.5 mg/kg, SC, for 2 additional days | For treatment of Eimeria macusaniensis |
Gastrointestinal | ||
Omeprazole | 0.4 mg/kg, IV, every 12 hours, continued 7–10 days after clinical improvement | |
Pantoprazole | 1 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours, continued 7–10 days after clinical improvement 2 mg/kg, IV or SC, every 24 hours, continued 7–10 days after clinical improvement | |
Mange, local therapy | ||
Mixture of: | Shake before use and apply mixture to local lesions with a paintbrush every 5 days for 5 treatments | |
Mineral oil | 2 oz | |
DMSO (10%) | 2 oz | |
Ivermectin (injectable formulation) | 4 mL | |
Gentamicin | 1 g | |
Dosage information from Jensen J. Camelid Drug Formulary. Game Ranch Health; 2006; Cebra C, Tibary A, Johnson LW, Anderson D, Van Saun RJ, eds. Llama and Alpaca Care. Elsevier; 2014. | ||