Merck Manual

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Professional Version

Respiratory Disease in Cattle due to Exposure to Toxic Gases

By

John Campbell

, DVM, DVSc, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan

Reviewed/Revised Dec 2022 | Modified Jun 2023

Nitrogen dioxide is a major component of silo gas; in humans, the disease associated with exposure to NO2 is termed "silo filler’s disease". Exposure of cattle results in respiratory distress and necropsy findings of atypical interstitial pneumonia. Treatment is empirical and includes diuretics, corticosteroids, and antimicrobials to prevent pneumonia.

Zinc oxide is produced during oxyacetylene cutting or arc welding of galvanized pipes; when performed in closed facilities in which cattle are housed, respiratory toxicity may result. Lesions are similar to those described for atypical interstitial pneumonia. Treatment is as described for nitrogen dioxide toxicity.

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