In late 2019, the EPA proposed registration of alpha-chloralose, an anesthetic compound, for use as a rodenticide product. Although alpha-chloralose is not commercially available in the US, exposure to this compound may be something to anticipate.
The exact mechanism causing CNS signs is not well understood; however, alpha-chloralose can cause both stimulatory and depressant effects. Relay toxicosis can occur, particularly in cats that have shown radiographic evidence of mouse carcasses in their stomachs and have clinical signs. Cats are more sensitive than dogs; minimum lethal dose in cats is 100 mg/kg compared to dogs at 600–1000 mg/kg.
Clinical signs of ingestion may include dose-dependent CNS effects, such as excitation, depression, tremors, hyperesthesia, seizures, hypothermia (more common in cats), salivation, miosis, ataxia, and coma (more common in cats).
Primary goals in treatment are management of CNS signs and temperature regulation, such as with anticonvulsants to manage seizures, active warming or cooling, and proper oxygenation in comatose patients. Limiting stimulation when hyperesthesia is present can also be helpful. Continue to manage with supportive care until resolution of clinical signs, typically 1–3 days.
The prognosis is favorable with adequate supportive care.
