Routine Care of Guinea Pigs

Every day:

• Unlimited grass hay

• Fresh, leafy green vegetables

• Fresh water

• Spot-clean cage

Less often:

• Thoroughly clean cage (weekly)

• Brush fur (weekly)

• Trim nails (every few weeks)

• Bathe (only when fur is dirty or matted)

Caring for Your Guinea Pig

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Yes. Trim nails regularly to prevent overgrowth and injury to handlers. Overgrown nails can make walking uncomfortable and even lead to infection.

Use nail clippers designed for small animals or people. Start clipping nails when guinea pigs are young so they become used to it. Avoid cutting the quick (the blood vessel inside the nail). Hold a bright light to the nail to see the quick in dark nails. Cut about 1/8 inch (0.3 cm) beyond the quick. If bleeding occurs, use styptic powder or a styptic pencil (available in pharmacies or online) to stop it.

Guinea pigs rarely need baths unless they're soiled. Use a shampoo that's especially for small animals—shampoos for people can dry the skin. For a gentle wash, place a towel in shallow water and let the guinea pig stand on it so it has traction. Avoid getting water in ears or eyes, and be sure to rinse and dry thoroughly. Long-haired breeds need regular brushing to prevent matting.

Have a veterinarian experienced with guinea pigs examine your pet at least once a year for a routine checkup. Guinea pigs don't need vaccinations.

Guinea pigs hide signs of illness until they are very sick. Signs to watch for include:

• Loss of appetite or weight

• Hunched posture

• Abnormal walking or obvious limp

• Belly sticking out

• Changes in coat texture or hair loss

• Sores or flaky skin

• Difficulty breathing

• Low energy or lack of response

• Diarrhea

• Discharge from eyes or nose

• Drooling, overgrown teeth, or swellings around the jaw (dental problems)

• Bloody urine

• Head tilt (possible ear infection)

If you notice any of these symptoms, see a veterinarian promptly. Because guinea pigs can decline quickly, early treatment is often critical.