Muscular Disorders Affecting Large Animals
Disorder Type | Definition | Examples | Species Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
Muscular defects | Defects in the formation and disposition of muscle not associated with a lesion in neuronal tissue | Myofibrillar hypoplasia (splay leg) | Pigs |
Muscular hyperplasia (double muscling) | Cattle, sheep | ||
Muscular steatosis | Cattle, sheep, pigs | ||
Inherited and congenital myopathies | Genetic muscle disorders that are present at birth, although onset may be delayed | Myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscle | Cattle |
Muscular dystrophy of Merino sheep | Sheep | ||
Myotonia | Temporary inability of skeletal muscle fibers to relax, resulting in muscle tension | Myotonia of the goat (“fainting goats”) | Goats |
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis | Horses | ||
Myotonic dystrophy-like disorder | Horses | ||
Spastic paresis of cattle | Cattle | ||
Metabolic myopathies | Abnormal skeletal metabolism leading to neuromuscular dysfunction | Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy | Horses |
Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency | Horses | ||
Myophosphorylase deficiency (glycogen storage disease) | Horses, cattle, sheep | ||
Malignant hyperthermia | Results in sudden increase in myoplasmic calcium concentration, prolonged contraction, and life-threatening hyperthermia | Malignant hyperthermia (porcine stress syndrome) | Pigs |
Malignant hyperthermia-like syndrome | Anesthetized horses | ||
Primary CNS conditions | Neuroectodermal defect leading to denervation of muscle | Arthrogryposis | Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs |